Russia insists that Ukraine is at fault for Russia attacking it, because it aspired to become a NATO member. Putin claims that he had made it clear that Russia would find it unacceptable if Ukraine became a NATO member. But why should a sovereign country not be permitted to join NATO? Ukraine’s desire for closer Western ties, including eventual NATO membership, was long-standing, and publicly known. Does this constitute a legal or moral justification for Russia’s 2014 annexation of Crimea or its 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine? I think not.
In 1994, Ukraine, along with Belarus and Kazakhstan, agreed to transfer its inherited Soviet nuclear weapons to Russia and join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear-weapon state. In exchange, the Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances was signed by Ukraine, Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The memorandum’s key commitments included…
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